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Conservation Agriculture Boosts Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Malawi
Agroecological approach raised soil organic carbon by up to 20% and could play a crucial role in supporting sustainable farming in sub-Saharan Africa
12 March, 2025
A new study in Malawi’s Mzimba district has found that conservation agriculture (CA) can significantly improve soil organic carbon (SOC) levels by up to one fifth compared to conventional farming methods. The findings add to growing evidence that CA—an agroecological approach focused on minimal soil disturbance, crop rotation, and mulching—could play a crucial role in sustainable farming and climate resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers analysed soil samples from 30 paired farms practicing either CA or conventional tillage, measuring key soil properties and organic carbon fractions. The study found that SOC levels in CA plots ranged from 0.4% to 1.8%, compared to 0.4% to 1.5% in conventionally tilled fields. The largest improvements were seen in the topsoil (0-10 cm depth), where SOC and other soil nutrients were most concentrated.
“These results highlight CA’s potential to enhance soil health and carbon sequestration, which is critical for sustainable agriculture and climate adaptation,” said Rothamsted Research’s Dr Grace Kangara, who led the study along with local partners at Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources. “However, widespread adoption faces challenges, including the competing use of crop residues for livestock feed, fuel, and mulch.”
The study suggests that long-term research and alternative mulching strategies are needed to maximize CA’s benefits. As African nations and global policymakers push for climate-smart farming solutions, these findings could help shape soil conservation strategies across the region.
Publication
Contacts
Dr Muneta Grace Kangara
SOIL SCIENTIST CLIMATE AND NUTRIENT-SMART AGRICULTURE
ABOUT ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH
Rothamsted Research is the longest-running agricultural research institute in the world. We work from gene to field with a proud history of ground-breaking
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Through independent research, we make significant contributions to improving agri-food systems in the UK and internationally, with
economic impact estimated to exceed £3 bn in annual contribution to the UK economy. Our strength lies in our systems approach, which combines strategic research,
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The Long-Term Experiments,
Rothamsted Insect Survey and the
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BBSRC invests to push back the frontiers of biology and deliver a healthy, prosperous and sustainable future. Through our investments, we build and support a vibrant,
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The Lawes Agricultural Trust, established in 1889 by Sir John Bennet Lawes, supports Rothamsted Research’s national and international agricultural science through the provision of land, facilities and funding. LAT, a charitable trust, owns the estates at Harpenden and Broom's Barn, including many of the buildings used by Rothamsted Research. LAT provides an annual research grant to the Director, accommodation for nearly 200 people, and support for fellowships for young scientists from developing countries. LAT also makes capital grants to help modernise facilities at Rothamsted, or invests in new buildings.